微波法合成水杨酸乙酯

以浓硫酸为催化剂,在微波辐照下合成了水杨酸乙酯,同时对影响反应转化率的诸因素进行了考察。其最佳反应条件为:醇酸摩尔比3∶1,浓硫酸用量0.20mol,辐射时间30min。     

别嘌呤醇合成方法的改进

以氰乙酸乙酯和原甲酸三乙酯为起始原料,合成了标题化合物。经改进的方法与文献相比,产物处理简单,反应产率高,总收率达53.7%,含量≥99.5%。     

5-正己基-2-巯基-1,3,4-噁二唑合成研究

以庚酸乙酯为原料，先与水合肼反应生成庚酰肼，庚酰肼在氢氧化钾存在下与二硫化碳经环合、酸化、提纯得到5－正已基-2－巯基－1，3，4－恶二唑。最适宜的工艺条件为n(庚酸乙酸）:n(水合肼）＝1：1．8,n（庚酰肼）：n（二硫化碳）：n(氢氧化钾）＝1：1．6：1．1，同时控制二硫化碳加料时间40min，并采用石油醚作洗涤剂，总收率达到60％。     

用脂肪酶非水相生物催化合成己酸乙酯的研究

原料为正己烷、己酸、乙醇。最佳反应条件为:在正己烷中加入浓度为0 15mol/L的己酸和0 1mol/L的乙醇,加入质量浓度为0 01kg/L脂肪酶CLL(吸附在聚苯乙烯大孔疏水性树脂上),采用MgCl2控制水分,用反渗析膜隔开,在25℃、100r/min振荡水浴中反应24h条件下,脂肪酶合成己酸乙酯转化率可达99 07%。     

丙二醇单甲醚丙酸酯合成体系的气相色谱分析

自行研制了氰乙基(25%,质量分数)甲基硅橡胶(XE-60)石英毛细管色谱柱。建立了对含游离酸的丙二醇单甲醚丙酸酯的色谱分析方法。该法具有分离效果好,分析速度快的优点。     

Michael addition of ethyl acrylate and acetone over solid bases

The catalytic behaviour of the superbases Na/NaOH/-Al₂O₃ and Cs_xO/-Al₂O₃ as well as of the basic zeolites Na/NaX and Cs_xO/CsX were investigated in the Michael addition of ethyl acrylate and acetone. The reactions were carried out in the liquid phase at catalyst loadings varying from 0.05 to 0.1 mol ester/g catalyst.     

1-苯基-3-甲基-5-吡唑啉酮的合成工艺研究

在无水乙醇的存在下，乙酰乙酸乙酯和苯肼为原料合成标题化合物、采用单因素实验法，得到最佳配比为乙酰乙酸乙酯：苯肼=1.05(摩尔比)，无水乙醇50m，反应温度70℃，反应2小时，再回流7小时，收率90．9％，产品纯度99.0％以上。     

Relationship between oxidative stability of vitamin E and production of fatty acids in oils during microwave heating

Effects of microwave heating on the oxidative stability ofd-tocopherols were studied in relation to the production of fatty acids in oils. During microwave heating, the stability of tocopherols decreased in the orderδ>β>γ>α. This order did not depend on the types of ethyl esters of fatty acids or oils present. But, the shorter the chainlength and the lower the degree of unsaturation of the fatty acid ethyl esters, the greater was the reduction in amount of individual tocopherols. A similar tendency was observed when tocopherol-stripped vegetable oils, with equimolar mixtures of tocopherols added, were treated under the same conditions. The reduction in tocopherols became greater with increasing levels of free fatty acids.     

合成乙基氯化物的工艺改进

以五硫化二磷为原材料 ,在吡啶催化下 ,同无水乙醇反应合成乙基硫化物 ,再与氯气反应 ,经亚硫酸氢铵和碳酸铵精制 ,得到高纯度的乙基氯化物 ,总收率达到 87 6%以上     

Ionic liquids as electrolytes

Salts having a low melting point are liquid at room temperature, or even below, and form a new class of liquids usually called room temperature ionic liquids (RTIL). Information about RTILs can be found in the literature with such key words as: room temperature molten salt, low-temperature molten salt, ambient-temperature molten salt, liquid organic salt or simply ionic liquid. Their physicochemical properties are the same as high temperature ionic liquids, but the practical aspects of their maintenance or handling are different enough to merit a distinction. The class of ionic liquids, based on tetraalkylammonium cation and chloroaluminate anion, has been extensively studied since late 1970s of the XX century, following the works of Osteryoung. Systematic research on the application of chloroaluminate ionic liquids as solvents was performed in 1980s. However, ionic liquids based on aluminium halides are moisture sensitive. During the last decade an increasing number of new ionic liquids have been prepared and used as solvents. The general aim of this paper was to review the physical and chemical properties of RTILs from the point of view of their possible application as electrolytes in electrochemical processes and devices. The following points are discussed: melting and freezing, conductivity, viscosity, temperature dependence of conductivity, transport and transference numbers, electrochemical stability, possible application in aluminium electroplating, lithium batteries and in electrochemical capacitors.